Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex and unpredictable disease that can vary widely in its severity and progression. Some people may experience mild symptoms that do not interfere with their daily activities, while others may have severe disability and need assistance with mobility and self-care.

In this week’s PHMP Online Knowledgebase article, we’ll explore the basics of MS, its symptoms, plus some questions you can ask your doctor if you have or are concerned you may have MS.

What is MS?

MS is a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves.

MS causes the immune system to attack the protective covering of nerve fibers, called myelin, resulting in inflammation and damage. This disrupts the communication between the brain and the rest of the body, leading to various symptoms and complications.

MS is not contagious and is not considered a fatal disease. However, it can affect your quality of life and increase your risk of other health problems, such as infections, osteoporosis, or depression.

What are the symptoms of MS?

Some common symptoms of MS include:

• Numbness or tingling in one or more limbs, usually on one side of the body
• Weakness or loss of coordination in one or more limbs
• Blurred or double vision, or pain in one eye
• Fatigue or lack of energy
• Problems with balance or walking
• Muscle spasms or stiffness
• Cognitive problems, such as memory loss, difficulty concentrating, or trouble finding words
• Mood changes, such as depression, anxiety, or irritability
• Problems with bladder or bowel control
• Sexual dysfunction

Here’s a 6 minute video from the Mayo Clinic explaining the symptoms of MS:

Is there a cure for MS?

There is no cure for MS, but there are treatments that can help manage the symptoms, reduce the frequency and severity of relapses, and slow down the progression of the disease. These treatments include:

• medications, such as disease-modifying therapies (DMTs)
• steroids and symptom-relief drugs
• physical therapy and rehabilitation
• lifestyle modifications, such as
• exercise
• diet
• stress management
• smoking cessation

What are some questions I should ask my doctor about MS?

If you think you might have MS or have been recently diagnosed with MS, you may have many questions and concerns about your condition. Here are some questions you can ask your doctor to learn more about MS and how to cope with it:

Q: What type of MS do I have?

There are four main types of MS:

• relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)
• secondary-progressive MS (SPMS)
• primary-progressive MS (PPMS)
• progressive-relapsing MS (PRMS)

Each type has a different pattern of relapses and progression. Knowing your type can help you understand what to expect and how to plan for the future.

Q: What are my treatment options?

There are many different medications available for MS, but not all of them are suitable for everyone. Your doctor can help you choose the best treatment for your type of MS, your symptoms, your preferences, and your overall health. You should also discuss the possible side effects, risks, benefits, and costs of each treatment option.

Q: How will MS affect my daily life?

MS can have a significant impact on your physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being. You may need to make some adjustments to your work, hobbies, relationships, and routines to accommodate your symptoms and limitations. Your doctor can provide you with resources and referrals to help you cope with these changes and maintain your independence and quality of life.

Q: How can I prevent or manage relapses?

A relapse is a sudden worsening or appearance of new symptoms that lasts for at least 24 hours. Relapses can be triggered by various factors, such as

• infections
• stress
• heat
• or medication changes

You should learn how to recognize the signs of a relapse and contact your doctor as soon as possible if you suspect one. Your doctor may prescribe steroids or other treatments to shorten the duration and severity of a relapse. You should also try to avoid or minimize the factors that can trigger a relapse and follow your treatment plan consistently.

How can I stay healthy with MS?

Living with MS can pose some challenges to your health and wellness. However, there are some things you can do to improve your physical and mental health and reduce the risk of complications. These include:

Eat a balanced diet

A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, healthy fats, and low-fat dairy products will help. Avoid foods that are high in saturated fat, salt, sugar, or processed ingredients.

Exercise

Getting regular exercise that is appropriate for your fitness level and abilities. Exercise can help improve your strength, balance, flexibility, endurance, mood, and cognitive function. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity and two sessions of strength training per week.

Manage stress

Managing your stress levels by practicing relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, meditation, yoga,

or tai chi. Stress can worsen your symptoms and trigger relapses. Find healthy ways to cope with your emotions and seek support from your family, friends, or a therapist if needed.

Quit smoking

If you are a smoker, quit. Smoking can increase the inflammation and damage in your nervous system and make your MS worse. It can also increase your risk of other diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, or cancer. Ask your doctor for help with quitting smoking or join a smoking cessation program.

Sleep well

Sleep is essential for your body and brain to heal and function properly. Lack of sleep can worsen your symptoms and affect your mood and cognition. Try to get at least seven to nine hours of quality sleep every night and follow a regular sleep schedule. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, or screens before bedtime and make your bedroom comfortable and dark.

Take care of other health conditions

If you have any other chronic or acute diseases, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or infections, you should follow your doctor’s advice and take your medications as prescribed. Having other health problems can complicate your MS and increase the risk of relapses or complications.

In Summary…

MS is a challenging disease that can affect many aspects of your life. However, with proper treatment, care, and support, you can live a fulfilling and productive life with MS. The more you know about MS, the better you can manage it and cope with it. Don’t hesitate to ask your doctor any questions you have about MS and seek help when you need it.